The internet is a powerful communication tool. The companies were the first to use it to reach new targets to cut costs and offer their products and services. For years, everything went smoothly. However, today, simplifying the use of the tool and the multiplication of exchange accelerators (RSS feeds, bookmarks collective site opinion) promote discussion between users on a participatory model. As a result, for the branding of a company, that the land may become dangerously undermined. I consider this sentence from conversation marketing, and consequently, the reputation online, that in which we become in the eyes of our customers or users or consumers, and that is only one end of the imaginary path that passes and to whom they are addressed the amount of strategies used with Social Media. Remember, social media are based in part on reputation. Build your reputation to contribute to the community and also get better results when you yourself promotions.

Maintaining a good reputation on the Internet involves three types of expenses: build your brand online, check out the comments other repairs shed and criticism (or make them less visible), the importance management of this term is vital. The conversation that has become quite large by a simplification, new ideas on how to handle online marketing, not just talk about branding, look at what accounts and how you are seen on the internet that is, reputation online.

Analyze the voice and tone. Dialogues and reviews created and received. The value reaches to participate. Reputation means an influence, positive term, if you have managed to attract you to a particular audience, or else be the center of the attention, negative term, because the actions taken to have led veiled criticism for mistakes.

In what would be the online reputation management which also explains including analysis tools for online reputation management to hear who speaks and what is said about the brand, its use is not only being able to hide the criticism and just to show the influence of one, means giving a twist to make themselves and move with them, including defense, ethics, when suffering an attack.

Techniques and tools for managing online reputations are dependent on each person the path chosen (hidden or not the criticism that clouded the reputation, manage the steps to remove them from search engines …). However, it is something to keep in mind, requires a previous strategy, the steps to take should always be thought out beforehand.

I’d say the reputation as one ends up winning it. Sometimes it is not enough. They are the obligations and risky decisions from time to time companies must adopt the approaches that may change. However, it comes down to one basic objective, look after your reputation, and therefore, your brand.

Combining nature and Greek mythology, researchers at the Technion (Israel Institute of Technology) have developed a “Trojan Horse” tiny to inject anticancer drugs directly to cancer cells. With this system, drugs are released only when they are inside them. Thus, there are no damage to healthy cells in the surrounding area.

Yoav Livney team created a system linking folic acid and an anticancer drug to an extract of larch, a tree abundant in the vast boreal forests of Russia and Canada.

Some cancer cells produce 10 to 100 times more folate receptors than healthy cells. These receptors capture folic acid, which is necessary for rapid growth and division of cancer cells. Therefore, the researchers used folic acid as bait for the selective attack against cancer cells.

Once folic acid binds to the receptor triggers a process by which the cell membrane folds inside the cell, creating a “bubble” (organelles) called endosome. This leads to a phase involving lysosomes, which contain enzymes that act as cellular digestive system.

The process ends up being the only anticancer drug release in the lysosome, because there is no equivalent in the blood enzymes that can degrade this peptide specific.

It is hoped that this technique is particularly effective against ovarian cancer, the kidney and the uterus, which are characterized by high production of folic acid receptors.

In the future, this new system to inject drugs may simultaneously release multiple anticancer drugs, as synergistic combination, tailored to each patient and tumor, could lead to an optimal eradication of malignant cells.

The study provides experimental evidence that evolution can help some people to survive to the effects of sudden climate change.

With a length of between 3 and 10 centimeters, stickleback fish originated in the ocean but began populating the lakes and streams of fresh water after the last ice age. In the last 10,000 years, marine sticklebacks and freshwater have developed different physical and behavioral traits, which makes them the ideal model for the natural selection theory of Darwin.

In testing the tolerance of wild sticklebacks and reared in the laboratory are at a lower temperature than usual, the team of Rowan Barrett, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Canada, has been able to observe natural selection at work significant changes in just three years. For these fish, the phenomenon illustrates what must have happened from an evolutionary perspective when the distant ancestors of the current fish were able to adapt to freshwater lakes, which usually have temperatures colder than the ocean.

To find out how quickly this adaptation occurred, Barrett and colleagues from Switzerland and Sweden recreated history by transplanting marine sticklebacks in freshwater ponds, and found that in just three generations (or three years) the resulting fish were able to tolerate the same minimum temperature than freshwater sticklebacks, 2.5 degrees Celsius lower than the previous resisted by their populations.

This study is the first to demonstrate experimentally that certain species in nature could adapt to climate change very quickly, in this case, cooler water temperatures. However, this rapid adaptation is not achieved without a price. Only survive those few individuals who possess the unusual ability to tolerate rapid temperature changes, and perhaps the number of survivors is not large enough to maintain the population. It is crucial that the knowledge of evolutionary processes is incorporated into conservation policies and management.

Research conducted by archaeologist Karina Croucher, University of Manchester, supports the increasingly widespread view on the historical role of old people who lived on the island of Rapa Nui, dubbed “Easter Island” by European sailors first came upon her in 1722.

Archaeologist claims that for a long time the ancestors of the islanders have been falsely accused by Westerners to be primitive and warlike, had shot down some of the statues, and having over-exploited natural resources of the island.

However, according Croucher, to examine with care and art together, landscapes, volcanoes and the statues decorating Easter Island, you get another picture of what were the islanders. She believes that the carved figures, including birds, sea creatures, boats and humans, mimicking characteristics already visible in the environment and show their complex relationship with the natural environment.

“These people must have had a sophisticated culture and successful, until they reached the West. And it’s time to admit it,” complains the archaeologist.

The stories of the first expeditions repeatedly show that the islanders had success in trade and were self-sufficient in substance.

It is increasingly widespread view that official history has been unfair to the islanders, and research seems to confirm Croucher.

Instead of a story of hardship and vandalism inflicted on the islanders against their own monuments, increasingly accepted version, with which agrees Croucher, attributes a substantial part of the blame for the decline in contact with the West, from the first sighting of the Easter Island by Jacob Roggeveen in 1722.

According to this historical review, visitors brought diseases and pests, and also imposed slavery, which resulted in the tragic disappearance of the local population and much of their culture.

On the other hand, there is little archaeological evidence to support that version before contact with the outside world, on the island triggered a civil war and the collapse of Easter Island society.

The history of Easter Island in the nineteenth century is sad, 1862 attacks against the island to capture as slaves islanders and drastically reduced the population. A few islanders survived slavery and were returned home, but brought with them smallpox and other diseases.

The missionaries converted the remaining population to Christianity, urging her to abandon their traditional beliefs.

Even then, several hundred people were separated from the island to work in sugar plantations in Tahiti. In 1877, there was a population of just 110 people.

For the first time, the international project team has analyzed these microorganisms Ecosensor travelers using molecular biology techniques. In addition to identifying the species, researchers have found that these organisms colonize in mountain lakes at high altitudes, such as in Sierra Nevada and the Pyrenees. They have also found that the phenomenon is increasing because of global climate change.

The “migration” of these micro-organisms trapped in the African dust is most intense in spring and summer, and sometimes there are migratory peaks ten times higher than normal. This is because, according to the researchers warn, the drought that has afflicted the Sahel region over the past thirty years, a drought brought about by climate change.

An additional aggravating factor is the loss of vegetation cover in Africa, driven largely by changes in farming practices.

It has been estimated that between 60 and 200 million tons of dust rise from the Sahara every year. That powder is a material rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and iron, with a major role in the growth of marine plankton, and even in tropical forest fertilization.

Ecosensor The project brings together biologists and atmospheric physicists from various countries, under the direction of Isabel Reche, University of Granada, and Emilio O. Casamayor, the Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes. Molecular biology techniques that these researchers use them to detect almost all organisms in a given sample, in contrast to previous methods.

The research results indicate, among other things, that in lakes of Sierra Nevada and Pyrenees organisms that scientists have found in the soils of Mauritania.

The increased burden of dust in essentially pristine ecosystems, as is the case of high mountain lakes, with important implications for local ecosystems, because this dust carries nutrients that fertilize the lakes and alter their microbial communities. Some of these changes have harmful effects. Clearly, therefore, that the dust may be harming the flora and fauna of some ecosystems. Caribbean corals, for example, are suffering a decline due in part to excess deposition of dust.

The recent publication of the complete genome sequence of an actual sea sponge, reveals genes that date back hundreds of millions of years ago. The genome sequence shows the high genetic complexity that existed at the time and reveals that the genetic roots of cancer evolutionary sink in these animals.

A team of scientists, including four from the University of California at Santa Barbara, carried out the sequencing of the current genome of a marine sponge from Great Barrier Reef of Australia. The sponge belongs to a group of organisms of 650 million years old.

The information obtained indicates that it was surprisingly rich genetic resources at the dawn of the animal kingdom. The sequencing also reveals some information about cancer.

As stated by Kenneth S. Kosik, co-director of the Neuroscience Research Institute, part of the University of California at Santa Barbara, this sponge is the most elementary animal whose genome has been sequenced.

The evolutionary origin of the animals was determined by the individual cells ability to assume specialized properties and work together in improving the whole organism. The sponge is a window into this ancient and decisive phase of evolution of life.

Sponge cells have very little resemblance to the cells in the other beings of the animal kingdom. For example, sponges lack neurons. However, the sponge genome reveals the presence of many genes found in neurons.

This work also helps scientists better understand cancer, as highlighted by Todd Oakley of that university and co-author. At the time of the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms, there was a potential reproductive conflict between the different cells of multicellular organism. To solve this, individual reproduction of the cells came to be subject to the collective needs of multicellular, or be composed of all cells. Cancer is the uncontrolled reproduction of cells in the body.

The evolution had to solve the problem of how to prevent the uncontrolled reproduction. Normally, the body’s cells do not reproduce without control, because there are mechanisms that act to prevent it. When these mechanisms fail to work properly, the cancer develops. Therefore, in the evolutionary history of animals you can see this link with cancer, because genes that are involved in the evolutionary transition toward coexistence of multiple cells are also linked with it.

Migraine is a disorder that causes the release of the nerves and blood vessels in the head of inflammatory chemicals that cause pain. Usually migraine attacks occur once a month, but the frequency can vary from once a year to once a week.

Large-scale study

The study, conducted by researchers from 40 scientific institutions worldwide, coordinated by the International Consortium for Genetics Headache Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, England.

“This is the first time we study the genomes of several thousand people to find genetic keys that allow us to understand the common migraine,” said Dr. Aarno Palotie, president of the Consortium. “Studies of this kind are only possible with a large-scale international collaboration. This discovery opens new doors to understanding one of the most common human diseases” he adds.

The researchers compared the genomes of more than 3,000 people with migraine in Finland, Germany and the Netherlands with more than 10,000 people who did not have the disorder and confirmed the results by comparing the genomes of a second group of 3,000 patients with 40,000 healthy people. The scientists found that patients with a particular variant of DNA located between two genes, MTDH/AEG-1 and PGCP, showed a significantly higher risk of having migraine.

This variant, say the authors, appears to regulate the levels of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that carries messages between neurons in the brain. This suggests that an accumulation of glutamate in neuronal connections (synapses) in the brain may play an important role in the onset of a migraine attack.

Prevention

The prevention of this accumulation of glutamate in synapses could be a promising target for developing new therapies that relieve the disease, the researchers say. The authors emphasize, however, that more research is needed to confirm the results and for more information on the mechanisms that underlie a migraine attack.

According to the World Health Organization, migraine is a neurological disorder more costly to society from lost workdays involved. A migraine attack in an adult can last from few hours to two or three days. The pain may be mild or severe and may be located on one side of welcome or can be produced with keystrokes. The disorder is often accompanied by nausea and intolerance can produce normal levels of light and sound.

This is the first time that the probe, with its complex systems, captures more of a transiting planet around a star. According to scientists, this finding will better understand the origin and evolution of planets from the calculations of density, mass and temperature, and analysis of the interaction of two bodies between them and their star.

The two planets have been named as Kepler 9b and Kepler 9c, and orbit at a distance of 2,000 light years from Earth. Its composition is similar to that of Saturn because they are composed of gas, possibly hydrogen and helium, as explained in a conference call the director of the Center for Astrophysics at Harvard University, Matthew Holman. The expert and his team analyzed seven months of data of 156,000 stars sent by the powerful telescope, which in its first year of life discovered five planetary bodies beyond the solar system, called exoplanets.

During this period, observed the motion of each planet and the time spent on each lap around the star. According to the study published in the science journal Science, scientists discovered that the transition periods of the planets varied between 19.2 and 38.9 days. These time variations are due to strong gravitational interactions between the newly discovered planets, they said.

“The high quality data of Kepler and coverage throughout the day the motion of objects allow a large number of single measurements between parent stars and planetary systems,” said Doug Hudgins, scientist of Kepler program. The distance of the planet to the star can be calculated by measuring the time between successive rotations, while the planet orbits its star. The variations in the regularity of the drawings can help determine the mass of the planets and to detect other non-transiting planets in the system.

On the third planet, scientists reported that they would need further analysis to confirm its existence, but that could be of a size slightly larger than Earth. Kepler has become a crucial component of NASA’s efforts to find and study planets with characteristics similar to those on Earth. The purpose of Kepler, launched in March 2009, is to collect data and evidence of planets around stars in areas (“Goldilocks zone”) with average temperature conditions, so that liquid water can exist and therefore, life.

The telescope can detect changes in the brightness of the stars of 20 parts per million and the images transmitted are captured by a camera with a resolution of 95 megapixels (i.e., 95 million pixels). With their instruments, Kepler seeks to determine the existence of exoplanets through light changes that reflect their potential stars when planets pass between them and the observatory.

Theoretically, if these bodies observed by Kepler are similar to Earth would have to complete an orbit about a year around its star. Once one of these planets detected and confirmed their position, the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes could continue with observation.

So far, astronomers have been identified by various detection systems the existence of 320 exoplanets.

To resist the summer heat, winter cold and other harsh environmental conditions, many insects fall temporarily in a state similar to hibernation to conserve energy. A team of scientists believe that this phenomenon could be exploited to develop new methods of pest control.

The study shows that different agencies use different mechanisms to reach that period of numbness and arrested development in a state similar to hibernation, called diapause.

Scientists are analyzing the biochemical processes responsible for diapause as a first step toward the ability to manipulate when and how active species of insect pests. “If we can stop it, we can change the likelihood that an insect population to survive” said the scientist.

Dan Hahn, professor at the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Greg Ragland, at the same university, and David Denlinger of Ohio State University, have turned their attention to two well-known species of insects pest responsible for the Rhagoletis pomonella, which attacks apples, blueberries and cherries, and Helicoverpa zea, attacking more than 100 crops, including corn.

Diapause helps the insects to stay in sync with natural cycles such as temperature, rainfall and food availability, thereby increasing their chances of survival. The sabotage of diapause to stop pests would, in general, in turn diapause or stop at times that prove harmful to pests. For example, exposing the insects to a chemical capable of truncating the diapause, it would be possible to “wake” when there was no food available, condemning entire populations of these insects to starve.

Detailed knowledge of the biochemical mechanisms involved in diapause could ultimately enabling scientists to design pesticides with a very specific targeted attack that only target one species, and broad-spectrum pesticides that could act against many species.

A delicate wine glass crashing to the ground. A stone is thrown against a window pane. Someone broke a ceramic figurine hammer to see what lurks inside. Moments like these in an animated film in a video game or a Virtual Reality environment, will not seem real unless the sound is perfectly matched with action. However, that kind of sounds is very difficult to synthesize.

A team of scientists from Cornell University is developing technology to synthesize the sounds that correspond to computer-animated images of brittle materials to be destroyed.

The latest results of this research line followed by the team of Doug James and Zheng Changxia have been presented at SIGGRAPH 2010, held in Los Angeles.

As virtual environments become more realistic and involving, computers have to generate more realistic sounds that match the behavior of objects in real time. Even in an animated film, where sound effects can be added later copying of recordings of real sounds, synthesized sounds have the potential to fit more realistically into action. Thus, the objective is to start with the computer model of an object and created by animation experts, analyzing how the object vibrate if someone fell down or hit it, and how that vibration is transferred to the air to radiate as sound.

When a rigid object is beaten, or dropped, can be deformed until the voltage exceeds its structural strength, and then shatters, releasing the stored energy of deformation. It was found that the sound comes mostly from how all the pieces vibrate just after the break, and not yet covered entirely in the moment of fracture.

The system developed by the team of James and Zheng takes into account of the amount of energy accumulated by the strain, and calculated from that and other parameters, how each piece will vibrate.

The calculation works with parameters such as how far the ground dropped the object, or how much force was launched to determine the amount of available energy. The computer system assumes that most fractures occur in areas that have experienced greater structural stress, thereby creating a greater number of fragments, and a smaller one of them.